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Chinese Journal of Materials Research  2016, Vol. 30 Issue (7): 524-530    DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2015.684
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Preparation and Microstructure of Chemical Modified Diatomite as Flame Retardant
WANG Yachao**(), ZHAO Jiangping
College of Materials & Mineral Resources, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China
Cite this article: 

WANG Yachao, ZHAO Jiangping. Preparation and Microstructure of Chemical Modified Diatomite as Flame Retardant. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2016, 30(7): 524-530.

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Abstract  

The diatomite based flame-retardant materials for external thermal insulation board of exterior wall were preparedby sol-gels method with NaOH (2 molL-1) and Na2SiO3 (1 molL-1) simultaneously as the chemical activator, and then characterized by means of various methods. Results showed that aftera thin-plastering of the prepared flame-retardant diatomitewas applied on expandable polystyrene board, the limiting oxygen indexthe complex EPSboard can reached 36.8%, and itscombustion performance can meetthe requirement of UL-94 V1. SEM results demonstrated that the NaOH and Na2SiO3 were benefit for the diatomite to form dense amorphous silica layer, XRD and FT-IR results showed that "depolymerization-reconstruction" of the diatomite structure occurred in the alkaline media, and which would further be reconstructed during firing.
Key words:  inorganic non-metallic materials      flame-retardant materials      diatomite      synergistic effects      microstructure     
Received:  27 November 2015     
Fund: *Supported by Doctor Foundation of Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology No RC1519
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Yachao WANG
Jiangping ZHAO

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https://www.cjmr.org/EN/10.11901/1005.3093.2015.684     OR     https://www.cjmr.org/EN/Y2016/V30/I7/524

Raw material SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 K2O CaO TiO2 Ignition loss
Diatomite 92.93 3.21 0.73 0.43 0.85 0.34 1.51
Table 1  Chemical composition of diatomite (%, mass fraction)
Fig.1  Mineral crystal phase of diatomite based materials
Samples NaOH/molL-1 Na2SiO3/molL-1 LOI/ % T1/s T2/s T3/s Melting drop UL-94
S0
S1		 0
2		 0
0		 28.5
32.8		 18
9		 24
15		 35
28		 Yes
Yes		 V2
V2
S2 3 0 33.5 8 13 25 No V1
S3 4 0 35.2 7 13 20 No V1
S4 5 0 35.5 6 12 18 No V1
S5 0 1 32.5 15 26 32 Yes V2
S6 0 1.5 33.9 13 20 26 No V1
S7 0 2 34.5 12 13 20 No V1
S8 0 2.5 34.7 11 12 16 No V1
S9 1 0.5 33.2 8 20 23 No V1
S10 1.5 0.75 34.8 8 18 18 No V1
S11 2 1 36.6 7 10 16 No V1
S12 2.5 1.25 36.8 7 9 15 No V1
Table 2  Flame-retardant performances of EPS covered samples
Fig.2  Chemical activation schematic diagram of diatomite
Fig.3  TG/DSC curves of specimens (a) activated with NaOH (CNa+=4 molL-1), (b) activated with Na2SiO3 and NaOH (CNa+=4 molL-1)
Fig.4  FT-IR spectra of diatomite and specimen (a) diatomite, (b) diatomite activated with Na2SiO3 and NaOH (CNa+=4 molL-1)
Fig.5  Morphologies of diatomite and materials (a)-diatomite; (b)-diatomite activated with 4 molL-1 NaOH; (c)- diatomite activated with 2 molL-1 Na2SiO3; (d) diatomite activated with NaOH and Na2SiO3 (CNa+= 4 molL-1)
Fig.6  Morphologies of samples after firing . (a)diatomite activated with 4 molL-1 NaOH; (b)diatomite activated with 2 molL-1 Na2SiO3; (c) diatomite activated with NaOH and Na2SiO3 (CNa+= 2 molL-1); (d) diatomite activated with NaOH and Na2SiO3 (CNa+= 4 molL-1)
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