45钢表面Ni/WC复合熔覆层的形成机制

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2018.510

材料研究学报

2019, Vol. 33

Issue (2): 87-94 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2018.510

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

45钢表面Ni/WC复合熔覆层的形成机制

杨贵荣¹(

),高大文¹,宋文明²,张玉福²,马颖¹

1. 兰州理工大学省部共建有色金属先进加工与再利用国家重点实验室兰州 730050
2. 甘肃蓝科高新石化装备股份有限公司兰州 730070

Formation Mechanism of Ni/WC Composite Coatings on Carbon Steel

Guirong YANG¹(

),Dawen GAO¹,Wenming SONG²,Yufu ZHANG²,Ying MA¹

1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
2. Lanpec Technologies Co. Ltd., Lanzhou 730070, China

引用本文:

杨贵荣,高大文,宋文明,张玉福,马颖. 45钢表面Ni/WC复合熔覆层的形成机制[J]. 材料研究学报, 2019, 33(2): 87-94.
Guirong YANG, Dawen GAO, Wenming SONG, Yufu ZHANG, Ying MA. Formation Mechanism of Ni/WC Composite Coatings on Carbon Steel[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2019, 33(2): 87-94.

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摘要:

采用真空熔覆技术在45钢表面制备Ni +WC复合熔覆层并进行阶段性取样，研究镍基复合涂层的形成机制。结果表明：在45钢表面生成与基体冶金熔合、WC硬质颗粒分布均匀的Ni基复合熔覆层。整个熔覆层由4 mm厚的复合层、1 mm厚的过渡层、20 μm厚的扩散熔合区以及250 μm厚的扩散影响区组成。复合层区由WC和分解形成的富W复相碳化物包围在Ni颗粒周围组成；复合熔覆层的主要组成相有γ-Ni固溶体、Cr₇C₃、Ni_2.9Cr_0.7Fe_0.36、Cr₂₃C₆、Ni₃Fe、Ni₃Si、Ni₃B、W₂C以及C等；真空熔覆过程包括：镍基合金颗粒达到熔点(900℃)前升温阶段颗粒间微烧结颈的形成、升温达到熔点(1020℃)开始的镍基合金颗粒熔融以及保温阶段(1060℃)的熔合扩散与WC颗粒微区位置的调整。

关键词 ：复合材料, 形成机理, 真空熔覆, 复相碳化物

Abstract：

Ni+WC composite cladding was prepared on the surface of 45 ^# steel by vacuum cladding technology. The formation mechanism of nickel-based composite coating was investigated by intermittently sampling. The results show that a Ni-based composite cladding with metallurgical fusion to the matrix and uniform distribution of WC hard particles is obtained on the surface of 45 steel. The entire cladding consists of a 4 mm thick composite layer, a 1 mm thick transition layer, a 20 μm thick diffusion fused zone, and a 250 μm thick diffusion affected zone. The composite layer composes of WC and W-rich multiphase carbide formed after decomposition, surrounded by Ni particles; The main phase constituents of the composite cladding layer include γ-Ni solid solution, Cr₇C₃, Ni_2.9Cr_0.7Fe_0.36, Cr₂₃C₆, Ni₃Fe, Ni₃Si, Ni₃B, W₂C and C. The vacuum cladding process mainly includes the formation of a micro-sintered neck between the particles in the heating stage before the Ni-based alloy particles reach its melting point, and the melting of the Ni-based alloy particles at the beginning stage of its melting point and the third stages of fusion diffusion in the heat preservation stage and position adjustment of the WC particle within micro-area.

Key words： composite formation mechanism vacuum cladding complex phase carbide

收稿日期: 2018-08-16

ZTFLH:

TG174.44

基金资助:国家自然科学基金(51765035);国家自然科学基金(51205178)

作者简介: 杨贵荣，女，1976年生，博士

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https://www.cjmr.org/CN/10.11901/1005.3093.2018.510 或 https://www.cjmr.org/CN/Y2019/V33/I2/87

表1 Ni基合金粉末的化学成分

图1 粉末的形貌和大小

图2 Ni+20％WC熔覆层横截面

图3 Ni + 20％WC熔覆层的XRD谱

图4 复合涂层与基体结合处预制层侧结合面的表面形貌

表2 图4中点A的成分分析

图5 基体与复合涂层结合处基体侧结合面的表面形貌

图6 剥离涂层表面形貌

图7 剥离涂层正面扫描结果

图8 剥离涂层侧面的形貌

图9 剥离涂层截面SEM形貌

图10 熔覆过程示意图

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