7B04铝合金的超塑变形行为及其机理

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2018.105

材料研究学报

2018, Vol. 32

Issue (9): 675-684 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2018.105

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

7B04铝合金的超塑变形行为及其机理

王建¹, 杨文静¹, 李卓梁¹, 丁桦¹(

), 张宁², 侯红亮²

1 东北大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110819
2 中国航空制造技术研究院北京 100024

Superplastic Behavior and Deformation Mechanism of 7B04 Al-alloy

Jian WANG¹, Wenjing YANG¹, Zhuoliang LI¹, Hua DING¹(

), Ning ZHANG², Hongliang HOU²

1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
2 Beijing Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology Research Institute, Beijing 100024, China

引用本文:

王建, 杨文静, 李卓梁, 丁桦, 张宁, 侯红亮. 7B04铝合金的超塑变形行为及其机理[J]. 材料研究学报, 2018, 32(9): 675-684.
Jian WANG, Wenjing YANG, Zhuoliang LI, Hua DING, Ning ZHANG, Hongliang HOU. Superplastic Behavior and Deformation Mechanism of 7B04 Al-alloy[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2018, 32(9): 675-684.

全文: PDF(6811 KB) HTML

摘要:

在470~530℃、3×10^-4~1×10^-2 s^-1条件下对7B04铝合金进行超塑拉伸,在530℃、3×10^-4 s^-1的条件下得到了1663%的最大延伸率。计算结果表明,应变速率敏感性指数m的最大值为0.63。在不同初始应变速率条件下变形激活能Q的计算值分别为158.44 kJ/mol、188.13 kJ/mol、177.78 kJ/mol和250.54 kJ/mol。建立7B04铝合金高温变形本构方程并绘制了R-W-S变形机理图。结合微观组织演变和计算结果,分析了超塑变形机理。结果表明,7B04铝合金的主要变形机理为晶格扩散控制、位错滑移协调的晶界滑动。

关键词 ：金属材料, 超塑性, 高温拉伸, 7B04铝合金, 本构方程, 变形机理图

Abstract：

Superplastic tensile tests were carried out for 7B04 Al-alloy at 470~530℃ with initial strain rates within a range of 3×10^-4 s^-1 to 1×10^-2 s^-1. Among others the alloy presents the maximum elongation of 1663% at 530℃with the initial strain rate 3×10^-4 s^-1. Calculation results showed that the maximum strain rate sensitivity index m was 0.63 and the deformation activation energy Q were 158.44 kJ/mol, 188.13 kJ/mol, 177.78 kJ/mol, and 250.54 kJ/mol respectively corresponding to initial strain rates 1×10^-2 s^-1, 3×10^-3 s^-1 and 1×10^-3 s^-1, 3×10^-4 s^-1. A constitutive equation was established to describe the hot deformation behavior. The R-W-S deformation mechanism maps of the alloy were established. The superplastic deformation mechanism was analyzed by considering the microstructure evolution and the calculation results. It follows that the superplastic deformation mechanism of the 7B04 Al-alloy is mainly the dislocation slip accommodated grain boundary sliding controlled by lattice diffusion.

Key words： metallic materials superplasticity high temperature tensile 7B04 aluminum alloy constitutive equation deformation mechanism map

收稿日期: 2018-01-15

ZTFLH:

TG146

基金资助:国家自然科学基金(51334006)

作者简介:

作者简介王建,男,1992年生,硕士

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https://www.cjmr.org/CN/10.11901/1005.3093.2018.105 或 https://www.cjmr.org/CN/Y2018/V32/I9/675

表1 7B04铝合金化学成分(质量分数,%)

图1 高温拉伸试样尺寸的示意图

图2 高温拉伸真应力-真应变曲线

图3 最大延伸率断件图

Temperature /℃	$ε ˙$ /s^-1
Temperature /℃	3×10^-4	1×10^-3	3×10^-3	1×10^-2
470	405	297	210	171
485	439	422	257	212
500	723	507	327	195
515	993	564	441	168
530	1663	801	292	112

表2 7B04铝合金高温拉伸延伸率

图4 高温拉伸峰值应力-温度关系图

图5 lnσ-lnε˙关系图

图6 ln[sinh(ασ)]-1000/T关系图

图7 lnZ-ln[sinh(ασ)]关系图

图8 7B04铝合金高温拉伸前后的显微组织

图9 7B04铝合金高温拉伸前后变形段晶粒的轴比分布

图10 7B04铝合金在不同条件下的高温拉伸断口形貌

	Deformation mechanism	Constitutive equation	n
Diffusional flow	Nabarro-Herring	$ε ˙ 1 = 14 D L d 2 E b 3 kT σ E$	1
Diffusional flow	Coble	$ε ˙ 2 = 50 D gb b d 3 E b 3 kT σ E$	1
Grain boundary sliding (GBS)	Lattice diffusion controlled	$ε ˙ 3 = 6.4 × 109 D L d 2 σ E 2$	2
	Pipe diffusion controlled	$ε ˙ 4 = 3.2 × 1011 α D p d 2 σ E 4$	4
	Grain boundary diffusion controlled	$ε ˙ 5 = 5.6 × 108 D gb b d 3 σ E 2$	2
Slip	Harper-Dorn	$ε ˙ 6 = 1.7 × 10 - 11 D L b 2 E b 3 kT σ E$	1
	Lattice diffusion controlled	$ε ˙ 7 = 1011 D L b 2 σ E 5$	5
	Pipe diffusion controlled	$ε ˙ 8 = 5 × 1012 D p b 2 σ E 7$	7

表3 不同变形机理对应的本构方程

Temperature/℃	$ε ˙$ /s^-1	(d /b)×10⁴	(σ /E)×10^-4
470	1×10^-2	2.80	4.45
470	3×10^-3	2.80	3.32
470	1×10^-3	2.80	2.17
470	3×10^-4	2.80	1.41
530	1×10^-2	2.80	2.31
530	3×10^-3	2.80	1.18
530	1×10^-3	2.80	0.69
530	3×10^-4	2.80	0.24

表4 R-W-S变形机理图中的实验点坐标值

图11 7B04铝合金的R-W-S变形机理图

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